home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=89TT1741>
- <title>
- July 03, 1989: America Abroad
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- July 03, 1989 Great Ball Of Fire:Angry Sun
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 32
- America Abroad
- A Yankee in Gorbachev's Court
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By Strobe Talbott
- </p>
- <p> Except for the presence of a visitor, it was just another
- dry run for doomsday. A captain and a first lieutenant of the
- Soviet Strategic Rocket Forces simultaneously turned two keys
- that would, in wartime, send hurtling toward the U.S. an SS-19
- ballistic missile with six independently targeted thermonuclear
- warheads. Watching from a corner of the cramped underground
- control center was a tall, droll Yankee naval officer who
- describes himself as a "country boy from Oklahoma": Admiral
- William J. Crowe, 64, Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of
- Staff and the highest-ranking American military official ever
- to visit the U.S.S.R.
- </p>
- <p> He was on an exchange program of sorts: his former
- counterpart, Marshal Sergei Akhromeyev, came to the U.S. last
- summer. Akhromeyev, now a close adviser to President Mikhail
- Gorbachev, accompanied Crowe on an eleven-day, nine-stop tour
- that stretched from Murmansk in the far north to Sochi on the
- Black Sea. Last week Crowe was summoned to the Kremlin for an
- audience with Gorbachev. The Soviet leader used the occasion to
- compliment the man who had appointed Crowe Chairman of the
- Joint Chiefs in 1985: "Former President Reagan saw the way
- things should go and turned the situation in the right
- direction."
- </p>
- <p> As Crowe knows, past protestations by the Kremlin of its
- peaceful intentions have been belied by the size and menace of
- its war machine. Soviet strategists have traditionally stressed
- that the best defense is a good offense. To the outside world,
- the result has often looked more offensive than defensive.
- Gorbachev and Akhromeyev tried to convince Crowe that something
- fundamental has changed. "Nonoffensive defense" is a key part of
- the vocabulary of Soviet "new thinking," and it was a major
- theme of Crowe's tour. The U.S.S.R. would launch its missiles,
- he was told, only in retaliation, never in a first strike. Near
- Minsk he observed an armored unit practice "tactical
- withdrawal" (i.e., retreat) in response to an enemy attack. At
- the Voroshilov General Staff Academy in Moscow, where senior
- officers play war games on huge maps, an instructor stressed
- that for the past two years, the scenarios have always begun
- with the other side shooting first. Neither host nor guest was
- so rude as to make the obvious point that in almost all cases,
- the "other side" could only be the U.S.
- </p>
- <p> Toward the end of Akhromeyev's trip to the U.S. last year,
- he remarked privately that the experience had convinced him
- that the U.S. would never start a war. The Soviets clearly
- hoped Crowe's return visit would inspire a reciprocal
- conviction. But Crowe was not willing to go quite that far. He
- left for home, he said, "understanding emotionally what I'd only
- understood intellectually before: the vastness of the real
- estate for which the Soviet armed forces are responsible, and
- the historical vulnerability to invasion. That's something hard
- for Americans to conceive of. After all, we don't remember being
- invaded by Mexico or Canada."
- </p>
- <p> Nonetheless, he cautioned, what matters most is "whether a
- country has got more men and weapons than it needs for defense
- alone." The Soviets still have a 3-to-1 advantage in tanks and
- up to a 7-to-1 advantage over the U.S. in artillery. Crowe
- headed home believing that Gorbachev's reforms and U.S.-Soviet
- arms-control agreements may chip away at those adverse ratios
- over time. But he still sees a very real Soviet threat, not in
- the intentions of the current leaders but in the capabilities
- that may be available to less benign ones in the future.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-